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A device constructed to produce musical sounds is known as Musical Instrument. The academic study of musical instruments is known as organology. Historians consider human body as the first musical instrument as it generates vocal and percussion sounds. In China, flutes made of bone and as old as 9000years have been discovered.

The chief material used in making musical instrument is wood, copper, brass, silver, and gold. More than 200 different tree species are used to make these instruments, such as, Ebonies, rosewoods and Mahoganies. These trees are famous for their resonance power and beauty in making musical instruments.

Types of musical instruments
There is no universal single classification of musical instruments. One instrument may belong to more than one category. However, they are broadly divided into following categories based on the way the sound is produced.

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String Instruments or Chordophones

Instruments that produce sound when a string is pressed, stretched, or plucked as known as String Instruments. The instruments are made up of various pieces of wood glued together. Strings made of animal gut, steel, or nylon are wrapped in a specific manner around the main body of the instrument. The frequency of the wave produced depends upon the length of the string, the tension of the string, the linear density of the string, and the point of pressing or stretching the string. The quality of the music depends upon factors such as the wave frequency and the resonating cavity space. Violin, Sitar, Guitar, Banjo, Electric baritone, Electric cymbalom, 3rd bridge overtone koto are some of string instruments.

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Percussion Instruments

Instruments that produce sound when they are struck or shaken are known as Percussion Instruments. The quality of the sound produced depends upon factors such as shape and material of the instrument, shape and size of the resonating cavity. They are further classified as tuned and untuned. Tuned percussion instruments produce specific notes while untuned percussion instruments produce sound with uncertain pitch. Some examples of percussion instruments are drums, bells, tambourine, and cymbals.

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Wind Instruments or Aerophones

Instruments that produce sound on vibration of a column of air are known as wind instruments. The column through which the air passes is known as reed, which is primarily made up of cane. There may be one or more reeds in a wind instrument.The shape of the instrument and length of the column air determine the frequency of the wave produced. However, the quality of the sound depends upon the material of the instrument. Clarinet, Flute, Horn, Saxophone, Trumpet are some of the woodwind musical instruments.

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Brass Instruments or Labrosones

Instruments that produce sound by vibration of lips are known as brass instruments. It consists of mainly 3 parts: a mouthpiece, a brass tube and a bell towards the end of the brass tube. Short length brass tube produces higher sounds, Long length brass tube produces lower sounds. Changing the size of the opening between the lips also affects the pitch of the sound produced. Alphorn, Trumpet, French horn are some of the brass instruments. There is a thin demarcation between brass instruments and wind (wood) instruments. For example, Trumpet is considered both as brass and wind instrument.

Musical Instruments

String Instruments or Chordophones

Percussion Instruments

Wind Instruments or Aerophones

Brass Instruments or Labrosones

Water Instruments or Hydraulophones